What You'll Be Tested On
The 2019 learner's permit test is a written exam that covers road rules, traffic signs, safe driving practices, and vehicle operation. The test format and content vary by state, but most states use a multiple-choice format with questions drawn from the state's driver's manual. You will not drive during this test — it is entirely written or computer-based.
The test typically includes questions about right-of-way rules, speed limits, parking regulations, what different road signs mean, how to handle emergency situations, and the effects of alcohol and drugs on driving. Some states also test knowledge of seat belt laws, distracted driving rules, and how to share the road with pedestrians and cyclists.
The number of questions varies by state. Most states give between 30 and 50 questions, though some give as many as 100. You usually have between 30 minutes and one hour to complete the test, depending on your state's rules.
Key Takeaways
- The 2019 learner's permit test is a written exam covering traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving rules specific to your state.
- Most states require you to answer between 70 and 80 percent of questions correctly to pass, though the exact passing score depends on your state.
- You can prepare by studying your state's driver's manual, which contains all the information tested on the exam.
- If you fail, you can usually retake the test after a waiting period that ranges from one day to one week, depending on your state.
- Some states offer the test in multiple languages, and accommodations for vision or hearing impairments are available in most states.
Passing Scores and How They're Calculated
The passing score for a learner's permit test is set by each state and is usually between 70 and 80 percent. This means if a state's test has 40 questions and requires an 80 percent score, you need to answer at least 32 questions correctly. Your state's DMV website will tell you the exact passing score before you take the test.
Scores are calculated based on the number of correct answers only — there is no penalty for guessing or leaving a question blank. If you answer 32 out of 40 questions correctly, you pass, regardless of which questions you got right or wrong. Some states weight certain questions more heavily (for example, questions about impaired driving might count as two points instead of one), but this is rare and your state will inform you if this applies.
Test Format and Question Types
Most states use a multiple-choice format where you select one correct answer from four or five options. You may take the test on a computer at a DMV office, or on paper if your state still offers that option. The test is presented one question at a time, and you cannot go back to change an earlier answer on most computer-based tests.
Questions are typically straightforward and based directly on material in your state's driver's manual. For example: "What does a yellow diamond-shaped sign mean?" or "At a four-way stop, who has the right of way?" You will not be asked trick questions or tested on information not in the manual.
Some states allow you to mark questions you are unsure about and review them before submitting your test. Others do not allow review. Check your state's DMV website to learn which format your state uses.
How to Prepare for the Test
The primary resource for test preparation is your state's driver's manual, which is free and available online or in print at your local DMV office. The manual contains all the information that will appear on the test. Read it thoroughly, paying special attention to sections on traffic signs, right-of-way rules, and speed limits.
Many states also offer free practice tests on their DMV websites. These practice tests use the same format and question types as the real test and help you understand what to expect. Taking a practice test under timed conditions (using the same time limit as the real test) is one of the most effective ways to prepare.
Third-party websites and apps also offer practice tests for most states, though you should verify that the content matches your state's current driver's manual. Some older practice materials may contain outdated information about traffic laws.
Retaking the Test If You Fail
If you do not pass on your first attempt, you can retake the test. The waiting period before you can retake it varies by state — some states allow you to retake it the next day, while others require you to wait one week or longer. Check your state's DMV website for the specific waiting period.
There is usually a fee each time you take the test, though some states waive the fee for retakes within a certain timeframe. Use the waiting period to study the areas where you struggled. If you failed questions about traffic signs, for example, spend extra time on that section of the manual before your next attempt.
Most states allow you to retake the test as many times as needed, but some limit the number of retakes per year or require you to wait longer between attempts after multiple failures. Your state's DMV website will specify any limits.
Test Accommodations and Language Options
If you have a vision impairment, hearing impairment, or other disability, most states offer test accommodations such as large-print tests, audio versions, or extra time. You typically need to request accommodations when you schedule your test appointment and may need to provide documentation of your disability.
Many states offer the learner's permit test in languages other than English. The available languages vary by state but commonly include Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean. Contact your state's DMV to find out which languages are available and how to request a test in a language other than English.
What Happens After You Pass
Once you pass the written test, you will receive your learner's permit, which allows you to practice driving with a licensed adult in the vehicle. The learner's permit is not a full driver's license — it comes with restrictions on when and where you can drive, and who must be in the car with you. These restrictions vary by state and age.
You will need to hold your learner's permit for a minimum period (usually between three and twelve months, depending on your state and age) before you can take the road test for your full driver's license. During this time, you must follow all the rules and restrictions that come with your permit.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take the learner's permit test online from home?
Most states require you to take the test at a DMV office or an approved testing location in person. This is to verify your identity and prevent cheating. A few states have begun offering remote testing, but this is not yet common. Contact your state's DMV to find out whether remote testing is available in your state.
What should I bring to the test?
You will need a valid form of identification, such as a passport, birth certificate, or state ID card. Some states also require proof of residency, such as a utility bill or lease. Check your state's DMV website for the complete list of documents you need to bring before you go to the testing location.
How long does the test take?
The actual test usually takes between 30 minutes and one hour, depending on how many questions there are and how much time your state allows. You should plan to spend additional time at the DMV office for check-in and processing, so allow at least two hours total for your appointment.
Can I use a calculator or notes during the test?
No. The learner's permit test does not require math or calculations, and you are not allowed to bring notes, study materials, or electronic devices into the testing area. You may be allowed to bring glasses or hearing aids if you need them for vision or hearing correction.
What if I fail the test multiple times?
You can continue to retake the test as long as you follow your state's waiting period and fee requirements. If you are struggling to pass, consider studying with a parent or mentor, taking a driver's education course (which some states require), or using additional practice test resources. Some states require a waiting period or additional training after a certain number of failures.